Supervisory control system



July 7, 1953 w. A. DERR Em 2,644 31 su mvxsony CONTROL sys'raiu Filed March as, 1952 "5 Shay-Sheet 1 Alarm Light INV ENTOR S Fi Willard A. Derr 8| Maurice E'. Reagan.

ATTORI;E I

Arm/Lo INVENTORS July 7, 1953- w. A. DERR EIAL 2,644,931 surmvi'sonv g mer. Filed Marches. 1952 Q Direct Positive Connection 0 Positive Connection Through Armature Fig.2.

Willard A. Den 8 Maurice E. Reoqon.

July 7, 1953 r w. A. DERR ETAL 2,644,931

suPmvzsoRy cou'mor. svsrzu Filed larch 2s, 1952 5 Sheqt-Sheet 3 I To Indicating 5- LCM WITNESSES:

' INVENTORS F|g.3. v Willard A. Derr a Maurice E. Reagan.

u y I w. ELDERR EIAI..- 2,644,931

SUPERVISOR! CONTROL sysrm Filed March 28, 1952 r 5 Sheets-Sheet '4 INVENTORS I Willard A. Den 8 Maurice E. Repgon.

Patented July 7, 1953 SUPERVISORY CONTROL SYSTEM WillardA. Derr and Maurice E. ReagamLPittsburgh, Pa., assignors to Westinghouse Electric Corporation, East Pittsburgh, Pa., a. corporation of Pennsylvania Application March 28, 1952, Serial No. 279 ,182

Our invention relates generally to supervisory control systems, and it has reference in particular to apparatus and systems for obtaining a telemetering indication of and/or operating a remotely located tap changing switch over a tiated at the dispatching oflice, either by an operator or by means of a clock or the like.

One object of our invention is to provide for selective telemetering of the position of a movable device over a supervisory control system upon a change in position of the device.

Another object of our invention is to provide in a supervisory control system for obtaining position indications at a dispatching ofiice of any number of automatic tap changing switches at a remote station without requiring more than a single pair of line wires. Yet another object of our invention is to provide in a telemetering system which operates over the signal channel of a supervisory control system, for using a telemetering transmitter and receiver which operate in response to the relative durations of on and 011' intervals of a fixed time cycle, and for transmitting supervisory code signals during only the "01? portions of said signals.

It is also an object of our invention to provide in a supervisory control system for eliminating 'the usual supervision code after a point is selected and for, instead of connecting a'telemetering transmitter and receiver for transmitting and receiving telemetering signals, indicating the position of a remotely located device.

It is an important object of our invention to provide in a supervisory control system for automatically transmitting and receiving a tele- -metering signal to determine the position of a movable device at a remote station, whether its position is changed manually or automatically. Other objects will be apparent, and still other objects Will be explained hereinafter.

According to one of the embodiments of our invention, a telemetering transmitter is located transmitter and receiver are selectively connected to operate over a signal channel between the dispatching oflice and the remote station by 10 Claims. (Cl.'340163) mean s of supervisory controlequipment which The also operates over the same signal channel. supervisory control equipment provides for either raising or lowering the position of the tap changing switch from the dispatching office under the control of the operator, or the tap changing switch may be connected for operation automatically in response to a voltage relay or the like. In either instance, the 'telemetering transmitter and receiver are connected for transmitting an indication of the position of the switch as soon asit has moved. i

' For a more complete understanding. of the nature and scope of our invention, reference may be made to the followingdetailed description, which may be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure l is a diagrammatic view of a telemetering receiver and the individual equipment and selecting relays at the dispatching oflice of a supervisory control system embodying the invention in one of its forms;

Fig. 2 is a diagrammaticview of the common equipment at the dispatching oilice;

Fig. 3 is'a diagrammatic view of the individual equipment and selecting relays at the remote station of a supervisory control system embodying the invention in one orits forms;

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic'vi'ew of the common equipment at the remote station;

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the control circuits for a tap changing switch and a telemetering transmitter at the remote station; and

Fig. 6 shows the arrangement of Figures 1 through 5 to illustrate a supervisory control system embodying the invention in one of its forms.

Figs. lthr'ough 4 of the drawings illustrate a supervisory control system which is basically substantially identical with that of Patent No. 2,091,301 which issued to Hans P. Boswau on August 31, 1937, entitled Supervisory Control System. The first four figures of the drawings correspond substantially to Figs. 1 through 4 of the Boswau patent and the same numerals are used in connection with the different elements of Figs. 1 through 4 of the present application to identify the corresponding elements of Figs. 1 through 4 of the Boswau patent. Additions to the circuit and apparatus of the Boswau patent will be identified by numerals not appearing in the Boswau patent. Since the supervisory control equipment of the present application operates in substantially the same mannet as is described in detail in the Boswau patent, it will not .be necessary to trace the same circuits in the present application, and accordingly the present description will be directed primarily to changes and departures from the system of the Boswau patent.

In this respect, it will be noted that the series line relay circuit of the Boswau patent connecting the relays 260 and 400 of the patent has been changed to provide a parallel line circuit arrangement of the signal channel conductors 219 and 223 and a line supervision circuit incorporating a supervision relay 12, control relays ,16 and 2|, alarm relay 18 and alarm reset relay 20 has been incorporated, in substantially the-samemam ner as is described in detail in Patent No. 2,409,840 which issued to M. E. Reagan and W. A. Derr on October 22, 1946.

In accordance with the present invention, the individual point relay 134 of Fig. 1 has been modified to provide for rendering effective atelemetering position indicator or receiver R in response to operation of the point relay upon receipt of the check code from the remote station 1 during a manual operation, and in response to receipt of a point selection code from the remote station during an automatic operation.

The telemetering receiver B may comprise a pointer P disposed in operating relation with a scale Sc. Crank arms fl and T2 are normally biassed to rest position to the left and right of pointer P, and are disposed to be actuated in opi posite directions by means of a motor M through clutches k1, k2 for. actuating the pointer P in opposite directions. The clutches I01 and k2 are selectively rendered effective through being energized by means of a receiver relay rr which is disposed to be energized through an armature f of the relay 134, conductor 22, and an armature b v of a line supervision relay 12, which is normally mature 33 of the substation receiving relay 418. Y The circuit for transfer relay 203 has included therein normally closed back contact and armature of line supervision relay 12,-to prevent interference of the dispatching office supervisory equipment withthe telemetering receiver operation.

Atthe remote station as shown in Fig. 5, a telemetering transmitter T is disposed to be connected to the signal channel through armature f of .the point relay 310 when the relay operates in response to receipt of a, point selection code during a manual selection of the point, or inresponse to a check code from the dispatching ofiice during an'automatic operation.

The telemetering transmitter T may comprise a telemetering motor M1 which is arranged to be energized through an armature a of the relay 310 to drive at a constant speed a cam-shaped contact C, which engages a contact arm a, for a variable portion of its fixed operating cycle, depending .upon the angular position of the arm a. This position may be changed in accordance with the operating position of the arm A of a tap chang- "ing switch S, by means of a Selsyn system ineluding a Selsyn transmitter T1 and a Selsyn receiver RI having their rotors connected to the arm Aand to the arm a, respectively, while their stators may be connected to a suitable polyphase alternating-current: source represented by the.

conductors 20. The rotor windings may be electrically connected through a control relay SG. A local indicator such as the Selsyn receiver R2 may be connected in a parallel circuit relation with the transmitter TI and receiver R1 if desired.

Operation of the tap changing switch S may be effected by means of a motorMZ under the control of raise and lower relays 2'6 and 21 arerator. these relays being completed to indirect positive through an armature and front contact of each ranged to selectively energize field windings ,fl and f2 for operating the motor M2 in opposite directions to raise and lower the position of the arm A. Contact member a of switch S provides holding circuits for the relays 2G and 21 between taps of the switch. Operation of the motor M2 may be efiected under the control of automatic means such as a voltage relay V, or the like, represented by the contacts V1 and V2, or by means of lower and raise supervisory control relays 319 and 320, under the selective control of a transfer switch 315' having automatic and manual operating windings 316', 311', respectively, which may 1 be selectively energized from the dispatching ofllce through point I of the supervisory control equipment.

In order to provide for connecting the telemetering transmitter to the signal channel upon receipt of a point selection code from the dispatching oflice and prevent the transmission of the usual-supervision code, the supervisory relay 313 may be shunted down through armature b of the point relay 310. To prevent the supervision code from being transmitted upon an automatic operation, the circuit for normally energizing the supervision code relay 412 upon an automatic operation may be interrupted by means of armature d and back contact of the substation startrelay 41?;

Since no supervision code is being transmitted from the'remote station, relays Y and Y1 may be provided for interrupting the energizing circuit for relay 408 a predetermined time after receipt of the raise or lower operate code, so as to deenergize relay Hi8 and release the supervisory control relays at the remote station a predetermined time after operation of the raise or lower relays 319 or'32fi.

At the dispatching ofiice, provision is made to release the supervisory control relays 210 and 215 which respectively stop the operation code andsta-rt it, so that successive operations of the tap changing switch may be made byan op- Instead of the usual holding circuit for relay as in the Boswau patent, an auxiliary reset relay X having armatures and front contacts of relays 210, 216 and 201 in circuit therewith, -is provided for interrupting the holding circuits by removing indirect positive when an operation is commenced from the dispatching ofiice as soon as the supervisory control relay 210 operates. Reset of the individual point relay 131 is effected by connecting the relay through armature a of the substation preference relay 211, since this relay is energized at the end of the control code.

A pendulum type time delay relay 81 and an auxiliary reset relay 82 are provided for resetting the supervisory equipment at the end of an automatic operation so as to provide a definite time interval for operating the telemetering receiver R to receive transmission of a telemetering signal from the remote station. The relay 81 is deenergized by relay 134 removing positive therefrom upon receipt of the selection code. The ,relay 8l provides, for example, a ten seclng relay 303.

of the control relay 2| being of a end interval before releasing relay 82 to pick up the reset relay 2I4, so as to insure receiving at least one complete five second cycle of the telemetering transmitter signal. 7

With the apparatus in the condition as shown, operation of the tap changing switch S may be effected by the operator pushing the point selection key I24 at the dispatching office for selecting. point 4 at the remote station. The start relay 2I6 is energized in the usual manner through the point selection key, and the individual point relay I3I is shunted down through the point key in the manner clearly described in the Boswau patent hereinbefore referred to.

'When relay 2 I6 is energized, an obvious energizing circuit is provided for timing'relay 8| at armature c and front contact of relay 2I6 to prevent the timing relay from timing out. The relay 218 is energized through armature I44 of relay I3I, and a point selection code of five pulses relay M is energized in the usual manner on the first impulse through armature 325 of count- This latter removes the line supervision potential from the .line conductors at armature 33 of relay H8, and at the dispatching oifice the line supervision relay I2 will momentarily be deenergized. Operation of the alarm relay I8 is, however, prevented by reason time delay type.

The counting relays 303 through 301 operate in sequence with successive operations of relay 400' and as soon as the point selection code is received, the point relay 310 of point 4 at the remote station will be energized when counting relay 301 completes an energizing circuit therefor at armature 332. The supervision relay 3I3 is rendered ineffective by a shunt circuit through armature b of relay 3I0. The motor Ml of the telemetering transmitter is connected to asource of alternating current at armature a. Energizing circuits are set up for the lower and raise relays 3I9 and 320 through armature c and MI 'of relay 3I0.

The check code is initiated by relay 4I2 which is picked up over the circuit through conductor '29, back contact and armature d of relay 4| 1, conductor 30, front contact and armature 33! of connecting the'receiving relay rrto positive at the armature b of the line supervision relay I2 through armature. and'conductor 22. Since the line conductors .2l9 and 223 are energized through the telemetering transmitter T, for a portion of the telemetering cycle, in accordance with the position of the switch arm A, the re- 1 ,6. lay rr will be energized for a variableportion 'of the fixed operating cycle of the cam C, depending on the position of the arm a. This means that the clutch KI will be energized for a variable portion of 'the operating cycleof the transmitter, dependent on the position o'fthe tap changing switch arm -A. -Accordingly,*'the actuating arm M will be actuated ma clockwise direction, for a distance dependent on the position of the arm A to move pointerP; :At the end of the contact making portion of the cycle of the cam C, the line oonductors'will'be deenergized and the" receiving relay 'rr will return to the deenergized position shown. There'- upon, the clutch K2 will be energized andthe actuating arm r2 will move a complementary distance so as to be efiective to move the pointer P in a counterclockwise position, should it-be necessary to do so to obtain a correct indication of the position of the tap changingswitch arm A, such as will be, the case when the pointer P indicates a previous higher reading' Should the operator desire to raise the-tap changing switch S, the operate key I20 may be placed in the position shown, whereupon he actuatesthe master control key I02. Relay 2I5'is thereupon energized in the usual mannenand the supervisory control equipment transmitszan operate code of six, pulses corresponding tothe 7 end of the code, as "is point relay 308, to provide but is'preventedbyreason of the shunt through- I armature .b of the point relay 3I0. Instead an energizing circuit for the raise. relay 3.20, I through conductor 338, armature 333 and front contact conductor-340, and armature34| of relay 3 !0. An energizing circuit is thereupon provided through armature b of relay 320 for raise relay 26 to efiect operation of the motor M2 to raise the tap changing switch S one step; En-

ergization of the raise relay- 320 is controlled by relay Y, which is energized through armature a of relay 32 0, and conductors 30' and 3 I. "Relay Y operates to release relay YI and reset the supervisory control relays at the remote station by deenergizing relay 408 at armaturev a, a predetermined time after operation of the point relay3l0. v At the dispatching office, relay X is energized at the end of the check code when relay 2I0 is energized, over a circuit extending from negative 7 through the winding of relay'X, conductor 32,

armature a and front contact of relay 20I',,con-

ductor 34,'front contact and armature f, conductor 35, front contact and armature a of relay 2 I0, conductor 26. to positive at armature a of relay I34. This removes indirect positivev from relays 2I5 and 210 at armature a of relay X, toreset these relays so that the operator may effect a subsequent operation of the tap changing, switch S if desired. The telemetering receiver is immediately reconnected foroperation to indicate the new" position.

Since the operating circuit for the transfer re,- lay 203 must be completed through armature C and back contact of relay I2, it will be seen that the operate code may be transmitted only during the off portion of the operating cycle, of the telemetering transmitter T. As soon as the op.- eratecode is transmitted and the tap changing switch moves, contact member b of ,the tap changing switch attempts to operate the super visory relay 3I3 to indicate a changed position,

7 the end of the operation of the tap changing switch, which occupies less time'than the oil' interval of the telemetering transmitter, the telemetering transmitter again returns to an on portion of its cycle, and the new position of the switch is indicated by the telemetering receiver R in response to the telemetering signal transmitted by the transmitter T. To release the supervisory equipment, the release key I03 at the dispatching office may be pushed to effect operation of release relay 2I4. Relay 2 I1 is energized upon deenergization of the slow release relay 202 in the usual manner, and provides an obvious energizing circuit for the individual point relay I3I through armature a of relay 2II, to return the equipment to normal.

To transfer the tap changing switch to automatic operation, the point selection key I I4 associated with point I of the supervisory control equipment may be pushed to efiect operation of 'the supervisory control equipment to select point relay 309 at the remote station in the usual manner. This connects the automatic and manual operating windings 3I6" and 3I'I" of the transfer switch 3I5 to be selectively energized in response to transmission of either a close or a trip code. -By turning the control twist key I I to the trip position in which contacts III and H2 engage their inner contacts and pressing the master control key I02, the trip code of four impulses is transmitted and counting relay 30! operates to complete an operating circuit for operate relay Ill. The winding 3II' will be energized to release the transfer relay 3 I5 to the deenergized position. In this position, an energizing circuit is provided for one or the other of the control relays 26 and 21 through the contacts VI and V2 of an automatic control device such as a voltage relay V for selectively raising or lowering the position of the tap changing switch. A supervisory code is transmitted in the usual manner to indicate by means of lamp I I3 that switch 3 I5 is in the automatic position.

Should the operating position of the tap changing switch be raised, contact b of the tap changing switch closes, and provides an obvious energizing circuit for the supervisory relay 3I3. Since the point relay 3 I 0 is not energized at this time, the relay 3I3 will operate to the energized position. This results in energization of relay 4|! to send the point selection code in the usual manner. The circuit for relay 4|! extends from negative through resistor 35, armature a and front contact of relay 3I3, conductor 36 to the operating winding of relay M1 and back contact and armature 435 of relay M8 to positive.

In response to receipt of the point selection code, point relay I34 will be energized at the dispatching office, resulting in connection of the telemetering receiving relay R for operation. Relay 2II is energized in the usual manner to effect transmission of a check code, which is stopped by energization of relay 2H1 at the end 'of the check code at the remote station.

The usual circuit for energizing relay M2 to start sending a supervision code is interrupted at armature d of relay 4I'I. Relay 4I8 is energized "in response to the first pulse of, the check code and removes positive from the line conductors at armature 33. At the end of the check code, the point relay 3I0 is energized and connects the telemetering transmitter T for transmitting a .position indicating signal by energizing the line conductors IIS and 223 through conductor 31,

armature f of the point relay, conductor 38, re-

8 sistor 39, conductor 28, and armature c of line relay 400'.

At the dispatching oflice, operation of point relay I34 removes battery positive from the timing relay 8| at armature c, and relay 8| which is of the pendulum type, times out an operating interval which is greater than the operating cycle of the transmitter T. Accordingly, the receiver R remains connected to be energized in accordance with the on portion of the telemetering signal for at least one complete telemetering cycle. At the end of the timed interval provided by the relay BI, relay 82 is deenergized and provides an obvious energizing circuit for the reset relay 2M through armature b of the battery rclay 2I3, which is a normally energized relay. The supervisory equipment at the dispatching oflice is thereupon reset, in the manner described in Boswau, disconnecting the receiver R, at the end of the telemetering cycle so as to afford an accurate position indication of the tap changing switch S. The supervisory equipment at the remote station is reset in the usual manner when relay 202 is deenergized for the long pulse interval in response to operation of reset relay 2 I4.

From the above description and the accompanying drawings, it is apparent that we have provided in a simple and effective manner for always obtaining a correct indication of the operating position of a movable device such as a tap changing switch or the like at a remote station. By utilizing a telemetering transmitter having a variable on portion of a fixed operating cycle and transmitting supervisory control signals during the off portion of the telemetering cycle, a substantially continuous indication of the operating position of the remotely located device may be readily obtained without interfering with the operators control thereof. In accordance with the embodiments of our invention, the telemetering indication may be initiated from either the dispatching office or the remote station, so as to at all times'afford an accurate indication of the position of the device. While the invention has been described as applied in connection with a tap changing switch in conjunction with supervisory control equipment operating over a pair of line wires, it will be realized that the same arrangement could also be used for supervisory control operation over carrier frequency or microwave signal channels. Likewise, an indication could be transmitted for any telemetered quantity for which a contact could be made to close or open in response to a change in the telemetered quantity. While only a single telemetering indication is effected in the system herein described, it will be apparent that additional receivers may be used on other points at the dispatching ofiice, and a single transmitter may be connected to transmit indications from the corresponding points at the remote station upon selection from the dispatching office.

Since certain changes may be made in the above-described construction and diiferent embodiments of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is intended that all the matter contained in the above description and shown in the accompanying drawings shall be considered as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

We claim as our invention:

1. In a supervisory control system, a telemetering transmitter at a remote station, a telemetering receiver at a dispatching ofiice, supervisory control equipment at both the remote station and 9 dispatching ofiice including impulse sending and, receiving relays, counting means at each of the station and office operable in response toopera tion of the sending relays to transmit selection and check codes to selectively operate the receiving relays to first select a point at-one location from the other and then check it, a switch at each of said locations operable in response to receipt of a selection or check code by the supervisory equipment at said location to condition the telemetering equipment at said location for operation, and, a switch at said location operable to initiateoperation of its counting means to cause its'sending relay to transmit a selection code.

2. In a telemetering system, supervisory control equipment at a dispatching office including a sending relay, counting means controlling the ing receiver at a dispatching ofiice, supervisory control equipment at the dispatching ofilce including receiving and sending relays, a relay operable in response to predetermined operation of the receiving relay to connect the telemetering receiver for response to the transmitter, supervisory control equipment at the remote station including sending and receivingrelays, a relay at the remote station operable in response to predetermined operation of the remote station receiving relay to connect the transmitter for transmitting coded position signals, and means at each the ofiice and station for eifecting operation of the supervisory equipment at the particular location to select an associated point of the equipment at the other location and effect operating connection of the telemeterin transmitter and receiver.

4. In a telemetering system, a, telemetering transmitter at a remote station, supervisory con trol equipmentat the remote station including sending and receiving relays and counting means for efiecting operation of and operating in re sponse to the sending and receiving relays, a relay for effecting operation of the transmitter in response to a predetermined signal from a dispatching oifice, a telemeterin receiver at the dispatching office, supervisory control equipment at the dispatching office including sending and receiv ing relays and counting means operable to control operation of and in response to operation of said sending and receiving relays, a relay operable in response to predetermined operation of the receiving relay to connect the telemetering receiver to respond to operation of the telemetering transmitter.

5. In a supervisory control system for a tap changing device at a remote location movable to a plurality of operating positions, a telemetering transmitter responsive to movement of the tap to said check code to condition the telemeterin located at a'remote station, supervisorycontrol equipment at a dispatching ofiiceincluding im pulse sending and'receiving relays and counting means operable to control operation of the sending relay to transmit a predetermined selection code of impulses, supervisory control equipment at the remote station including sending and receiving relays and counting means ,operable'in response to operation of the station receiving relay, a relay operable in response to operation of; the counting means in response to said selection code to condition the transmitter for transmitting a telemetering code and effect operation of the remotestation supervisory control equipment to transmit a check code of impulses, said supervisorycontrolequipment at the dispatching office being responsive to said check code to condition the telemetering receiver for receiving the telemetering code, and relay means at the dispatching ofiice selectively responsive to at least a portion'of the telemetering code to prevent operation of the supervisory control equipment from the dispatching ofiice during said portion.

; '7. Supervisory control apparatus for controlling a telemetering receiver which operates in response to a variable interval of energization in a fixed time cycle comprising, a sending relay,

counting means for selectively eifecting operation of the sending relay to produce impulse signals, a receiver relay operable in response to an incoming code of impulse signals to effect operation of the counting means, a startrelay operable to effect operation of the counting relays to'cause the sending relay to transmit a point selection code, a point relay operable in response to-operation of the counting means in response to a check code of impulse signals to connect the telemetering receiver to a source of electrical energy for receiving, and a relay selectively responsive to different characteristics of the impulse signals and the telemetering cycle to prevent starting another supervisory control operation during the changer, a telemetering receiver at a dispatching oifice operable to follow the position of the transmitter, a switch operable in response to movement of the tap changing device, supervisory control equipment at the remote location operable energized portion of the telemetering cycle.

8. Supervisory control apparatus for a telemetering receiver comprising, a sending relay, means including a counting circuit connecting the sending relay to produce a predetermined selection code, a receiving relay, a point relay operable to connect the telemetering receiver to operate in response to a telemetering signal, means including said counting circuit for effecting operation of the point relay in response to predetermined operation of the receiving relay, and

means including a relay selectively responsive to the telemetering signal operable to prevent operation of thesending relay during receipt of the telemetering signal.

' 9. Supervisory control apparatus for a telemetering transmitter operable to produce a variable duration impulse in response to the position of a movable element, a sending relay operable to produce impulsesignals, means including a counting circuit and switch means responsive to movement of said movable element for efiecting operation of the sending relay to produce a point selection code of impulses, a receiving relay operable in response to a predetermined check code signal, a point relay, and means including the receiving relay and the counting circuit for effecting operation of the point relay at the end of said check code to connect the telemetering transmitter for transmitting a telemetering signal indicative of the present position of the movable element.

10. Supervisory control apparatus for a telemetering transmitter connected in operating relation with a tap changing switch at a remote substation comprising, a sending relay, a supervisory relay operable in response to movement of the switch, means including the supervisory relay and a counting circuit for effecting operation of the sending relay to produce a selection code of a plurality of impulse signals of one polarity, a point relay, a receiving relay, means including the counting circuit and the receiving relay for 12 effecting operation of the point relay in response to a particular check code of impulse signals to connect the telemetering transmitter for transmitting a telemetering signal of the opposite polarity and having a duration dependent on the position of the tap changing switch.

WILLARD A. DERR.

MAURICE E. REAGAN.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,443,351 Green June 15, 1948 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 339,643 Great Britain Dec. 12, 1930 359,576 Great Britain Oct. 29, 1931 412,715 Great Britain July 5, 1934 425,561 Great Britain Mar. 18, 1935 

